Tax· 6 min read· Updated April 2026

Advance tax on capital gains — how to avoid the penalty most investors don't know about

If you sell mutual funds with significant gains, you may owe advance tax in instalments during the year. Missing deadlines triggers interest charges. Here is how to handle it.

Key takeaways
Advance tax applies if total tax liability exceeds ₹10,000 in a year
Capital gains from mutual fund sales count as income for advance tax
Paid in four instalments: June 15, September 15, December 15, March 15
Missing deadlines: 1% monthly interest under Sections 234B and 234C
For salaried people, TDS usually covers this — but not if you have large capital gains
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RahulAge 38·Product manager, Bengaluru
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I sold some funds in August and made ₹4 lakh in gains. I planned to pay the tax in July next year when filing ITR.

At filing, Rahul discovered he owed ₹3,600 in interest under Section 234B for not paying advance tax. He had the option to pay during the year in instalments — and didn't know. If his gains had been ₹40 lakh, the interest would have been ₹36,000.

Advance tax instalment schedule
DeadlineCumulative % to payExample: ₹50,000 total liability
June 1515% by this datePay ₹7,500
September 1545% cumulativePay ₹22,500 total (₹15,000 more)
December 1575% cumulativePay ₹37,500 total (₹15,000 more)
March 15100% cumulativePay ₹50,000 total (₹12,500 more)
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When a salaried investor needs to pay advance tax
Ravi earns ₹14 lakh salary. His employer handles TDS — he owes no advance tax on salary. In October, Ravi sells equity funds and makes ₹4 lakh LTCG. Tax: (₹4L − ₹1.25L exemption) × 12.5% = ₹34,375 Since this exceeds ₹10,000 and was not covered by TDS: Ravi must pay advance tax by December 15: 75% × ₹34,375 = ₹25,781 And the balance by March 15: remaining ₹8,594 If he does not: 1% per month interest on shortfall from September 15 onward.
How to pay advance tax — step by step
1
Estimate your capital gains
Whenever you make a significant mutual fund redemption, calculate the approximate tax: (gains − ₹1.25L LTCG exemption) × 12.5% for equity funds held over 12 months.
2
Check if it exceeds ₹10,000
If the tax from capital gains (after accounting for TDS on salary) exceeds ₹10,000, advance tax applies.
3
Pay via IT portal
Go to incometax.gov.in → e-Pay Tax → Challan 280 → select 'Advance Tax' → enter Assessment Year as current year + 1 → pay via net banking or debit card.
4
Save the challan
Download and save the payment challan. You will need this when filing ITR to claim the advance tax paid against your total liability.
Educational content only. Numbers shown are illustrative — actual returns vary. This is not investment advice. Consult a SEBI-registered financial advisor before investing.

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